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Water Hardness in Kentucky

Across 61 measured cities — with 222 more covered by labeled county-level estimates — Kentucky's median tap water hardness is 110.0 mg/L (6.4 gpg): moderately hard on the USGS scale. Below: every covered city, the state's hardest and softest water, and the geology that explains it.

Data updated July 6, 2026. Sources: utility-reported water quality data and USGS/EPA Water Quality Portal samples.

State Median
110.0
mg/L (6.4 gpg), measured cities
Measured Range
59.6-184.0
mg/L across measured cities
Measured Cities
61
utility-reported or computed values
County Estimates
222
78% of covered cities

Kentucky Cities by Hardness Category

Measured cities only — labeled county estimates never enter the category counts or the median.

CategoryRangeMeasured citiesShare
Soft0-60 mg/L11.6%
Moderately hard60-120 mg/L4065.6%
Hard120-180 mg/L1829.5%
Very hard>180 mg/L23.3%

Hardest and Softest Water in Kentucky

Measured values only; labeled county estimates and values under active dispute never rank.

Hardest water in Kentucky

  1. Coal Run Village 184.0 mg/L (10.8 gpg), very hard
  2. Pikeville 184.0 mg/L (10.8 gpg), very hard
  3. Lexington-Fayette 158.0 mg/L (9.2 gpg), hard
  4. Lexington 157.9 mg/L (9.2 gpg), hard
  5. Paris 144.0 mg/L (8.4 gpg), hard

Softest water in Kentucky

  1. Stanford 59.6 mg/L (3.5 gpg), soft
  2. Burlington 70.1 mg/L (4.1 gpg), moderately hard
  3. Florence 70.1 mg/L (4.1 gpg), moderately hard
  4. Hebron 70.1 mg/L (4.1 gpg), moderately hard
  5. Oakbrook 70.1 mg/L (4.1 gpg), moderately hard

Every Covered City in Kentucky

All 283 covered Kentucky cities, sorted by population served. "County estimate" rows are labeled context values from USGS/EPA Water Quality Portal county sampling — they never enter the median above. City names link to each city's full water quality page.

CityHardness (mg/L)gpgCategoryData
Dayton112.46.6Moderately hardUtility-reported
Ludlow112.46.6Moderately hardUtility-reported
Audubon Park134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Brownsboro Village134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Houston Acres134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Kingsley134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Lincolnshire134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Louisville134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Meadowview Estates134.07.8HardUtility-reported
St. Matthews134.07.8HardUtility-reported
St. Regis Park134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Strathmoor Manor134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Strathmoor Village134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Watterson Park134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Wellington134.07.8HardUtility-reported
Lexington157.99.2HardUtility-reported
Lexington-Fayette158.09.2HardUtility-reported
Mentor110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Alexandria110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Bellevue110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Bromley110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
California110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Claryville110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Cold Spring110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Covington110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Crescent Springs110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Crestview110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Crestview Hills110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Edgewood110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Elsmere110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Erlanger110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Fairview110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Fort Mitchell110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Fort Thomas110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Fort Wright110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Ft Thomas110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Highland Heights110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Independence110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Kenton Vale110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Lakeside Park110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Melbourne110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Newport110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Park Hills110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Ryland Heights110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Silver Grove110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Southgate110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Taylor Mill110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Villa Hills110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Walton110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Wilder110.06.4Moderately hardUtility-reported
Bowling Green134.77.9HardUtility-reported
Owensboro116.06.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Florence70.14.1Moderately hardUtility-reported
Union70.14.1Moderately hardUtility-reported
Hopkinsville85.65.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Elizabethtown185.510.8Very hardCounty estimate
Somerset95.05.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Plum Springs136.08.0HardUtility-reported
Burlington70.14.1Moderately hardUtility-reported
Hebron70.14.1Moderately hardUtility-reported
Oakbrook70.14.1Moderately hardUtility-reported
Paducah63.33.7Moderately hardCounty estimate
Frankfort199.011.6Very hardCounty estimate
Richmond186.010.9Very hardCounty estimate
London72.54.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Ferguson95.05.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Oak Grove85.65.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Flatwoods99.05.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Russell99.05.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Shelbyville126.57.4HardCounty estimate
Bardstown193.511.3Very hardCounty estimate
Ashland161.09.4HardCounty estimate
Fort Campbell156.09.1HardCounty estimate
Nicholasville159.59.3HardCounty estimate
Worthington99.05.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Danville132.07.7HardCounty estimate
Glasgow181.510.6Very hardCounty estimate
Morehead69.64.1Moderately hardCounty estimate
Burnside95.05.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Madisonville196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Henderson198.011.6Very hardCounty estimate
La Grange223.013.0Very hardCounty estimate
Brownsville88.25.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Winchester114.06.7Moderately hardCounty estimate
Benton59.83.5SoftCounty estimate
Leitchfield81.34.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Prestonsburg215.512.6Very hardCounty estimate
Cecilia185.510.8Very hardCounty estimate
Rineyville185.510.8Very hardCounty estimate
Hazard229.013.4Very hardCounty estimate
Almo28.51.7SoftCounty estimate
Hazel28.51.7SoftCounty estimate
Murray28.51.7SoftCounty estimate
Campbellsville90.75.3Moderately hardCounty estimate
Berea186.010.9Very hardCounty estimate
Paintsville65.03.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Cynthiana93.35.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Mount Washington209.012.2Very hardCounty estimate
Fort Knox185.510.8Very hardCounty estimate
Radcliff185.510.8Very hardCounty estimate
Scottsville115.06.7Moderately hardCounty estimate
Grayson91.25.3Moderately hardCounty estimate
Greenville155.59.1HardCounty estimate
Columbia75.44.4Moderately hardCounty estimate
Bagdad126.57.4HardCounty estimate
Monticello86.05.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Horse Cave124.07.3HardCounty estimate
Crittenden171.010.0HardCounty estimate
Buckner223.013.0Very hardCounty estimate
Lancaster144.08.4HardCounty estimate
Taylorsville195.011.4Very hardCounty estimate
Mount Sterling133.07.8HardCounty estimate
Greensburg149.08.7HardCounty estimate
Maysville125.47.3HardCounty estimate
Campbellsburg170.510.0HardCounty estimate
Mount Vernon84.24.9Moderately hardCounty estimate
Whitley City51.23.0SoftCounty estimate
Hardinsburg230.013.4Very hardCounty estimate
Brandenburg260.015.2Very hardCounty estimate
Russellville126.07.4HardCounty estimate
Morgantown131.07.7HardCounty estimate
Pineville143.08.4HardCounty estimate
Beaver Dam99.15.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Hartford99.15.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Barbourville93.85.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Fountain Run76.84.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
St. Mary144.08.4HardCounty estimate
Corbin81.04.7Moderately hardCounty estimate
Paris144.08.4HardUtility-reported
Pembroke85.65.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Franklin155.59.1HardCounty estimate
Williamsburg81.04.7Moderately hardCounty estimate
East Bernstadt72.54.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Lawrenceburg208.012.2Very hardCounty estimate
Albany150.08.8HardCounty estimate
Allen215.512.6Very hardCounty estimate
Cadiz154.09.0HardCounty estimate
Flemingsburg89.45.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Middlesboro143.08.4HardCounty estimate
Annville71.04.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Tyner71.04.2Moderately hardCounty estimate
Coxs Creek193.511.3Very hardCounty estimate
Springfield189.011.1Very hardCounty estimate
Falmouth160.09.4HardCounty estimate
Catlettsburg161.09.4HardCounty estimate
Eubank95.05.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Liberty29.21.7SoftCounty estimate
Greenup99.05.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Tompkinsville76.84.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Augusta144.58.4HardCounty estimate
Dover125.47.3HardCounty estimate
Garrison37.72.2SoftCounty estimate
Salt Lick146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Milton232.013.6Very hardCounty estimate
Mayfield27.71.6SoftCounty estimate
Salvisa112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Coal Run Village184.010.8Very hardUtility-reported
Pikeville184.010.8Very hardUtility-reported
Hyden164.09.6HardCounty estimate
Salem105.06.1Moderately hardCounty estimate
Russell Springs77.04.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Stanford59.63.5SoftUtility-reported
Inez268.015.7Very hardCounty estimate
Auburn126.07.4HardCounty estimate
Edmonton136.08.0HardCounty estimate
Keene159.59.3HardCounty estimate
Earlington196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Clarkson81.34.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Beattyville120.57.0HardCounty estimate
Harrodsburg112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Louisa166.59.7HardCounty estimate
Lebanon144.08.4HardCounty estimate
Jamestown77.04.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Dixon185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Neon8.20.5SoftCounty estimate
Pippa Passes210.012.3Very hardCounty estimate
Princeton145.08.5HardCounty estimate
South Shore99.05.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Vine Grove260.015.2Very hardCounty estimate
Whitesburg8.20.5SoftCounty estimate
Science Hill95.05.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Bloomfield193.511.3Very hardCounty estimate
Wilmore159.59.3HardCounty estimate
Powderly155.59.1HardCounty estimate
Central City155.59.1HardCounty estimate
North Middletown204.011.9Very hardCounty estimate
Williamstown171.010.0HardCounty estimate
Hustonville29.21.7SoftCounty estimate
Frenchburg84.75.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Baxter60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Jeffersonville133.07.8HardCounty estimate
Manchester82.44.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Morganfield146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Uniontown146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Hanson196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Nebo196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Fulton48.42.8SoftCounty estimate
Hodgenville145.58.5HardCounty estimate
Harlan60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Providence185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Mayslick125.47.3HardCounty estimate
Mount Olivet206.012.1Very hardCounty estimate
Cawood60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Sharpsburg146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Parksville132.07.7HardCounty estimate
Grand Rivers105.06.1Moderately hardCounty estimate
Mayking8.20.5SoftCounty estimate
Eddyville102.06.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Whitesville99.15.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Sandy Hook91.45.3Moderately hardCounty estimate
Sturgis146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Hawesville122.07.1HardCounty estimate
Lewisport122.07.1HardCounty estimate
Hickman48.42.8SoftCounty estimate
Corinth171.010.0HardCounty estimate
Lewisburg126.07.4HardCounty estimate
Marion169.09.9HardCounty estimate
Salyersville30.11.8SoftCounty estimate
Lebanon Junction209.012.2Very hardCounty estimate
Elkton29.41.7SoftCounty estimate
Ledbetter105.06.1Moderately hardCounty estimate
Smithland105.06.1Moderately hardCounty estimate
Hindman210.012.3Very hardCounty estimate
Vicco210.012.3Very hardCounty estimate
Dawson Springs196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Nortonville196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Jenkins8.20.5SoftCounty estimate
Burkesville148.58.7HardCounty estimate
Eminence170.510.0HardCounty estimate
Sacramento185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Calhoun185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Guthrie29.41.7SoftCounty estimate
West Liberty84.34.9Moderately hardCounty estimate
Owingsville146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Livermore185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Bonnieville124.07.3HardCounty estimate
Munfordville124.07.3HardCounty estimate
New Castle170.510.0HardCounty estimate
Carlisle85.65.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Warsaw146.08.5HardCounty estimate
Lynch60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
White Plains196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Kevil112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Sebree185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Elkhorn City230.513.5Very hardCounty estimate
Irvington230.013.4Very hardCounty estimate
Hardin59.83.5SoftCounty estimate
Cloverport230.013.4Very hardCounty estimate
Island185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Crab Orchard73.04.3Moderately hardCounty estimate
Centertown99.15.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Evarts60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Mortons Gap196.511.5Very hardCounty estimate
Bronston86.05.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Burgin112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Muldraugh260.015.2Very hardCounty estimate
Bandana112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Clay185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Petersburg130.07.6HardCounty estimate
Bardwell37.32.2SoftCounty estimate
Martin215.512.6Very hardCounty estimate
Kuttawa102.06.0Moderately hardCounty estimate
Barlow112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Fredonia145.08.5HardCounty estimate
Wickliffe112.06.5Moderately hardCounty estimate
Butler160.09.4HardCounty estimate
West Point209.012.2Very hardCounty estimate
Wingo27.71.6SoftCounty estimate
Symsonia27.71.6SoftCounty estimate
Fordsville99.15.8Moderately hardCounty estimate
Drakesboro155.59.1HardCounty estimate
Buckhorn229.013.4Very hardCounty estimate
Benham60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate
Wheelwright215.512.6Very hardCounty estimate
Slaughters185.010.8Very hardCounty estimate
Adairville126.07.4HardCounty estimate
Livingston84.24.9Moderately hardCounty estimate
Cunningham37.32.2SoftCounty estimate
Garrett215.512.6Very hardCounty estimate
Arlington37.32.2SoftCounty estimate
Columbus34.22.0SoftCounty estimate
Sedalia27.71.6SoftCounty estimate
Cumberland60.83.6Moderately hardCounty estimate

Above 120 mg/L (7 gpg), scale is usually worth treating — see our water softener guide, or size a system with the hardness calculator & converter.

The Geology Behind Kentucky's Water Hardness

Kentucky sits in the Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic mixed terrain region.

The Mid-Atlantic and Appalachian states sit on a patchwork of sandstone, shale, and crystalline rock that yields mostly soft to moderately hard water. The big exception is the region's limestone and dolomite valleys - including the carbonate belt running from Pennsylvania down through the Shenandoah Valley - where groundwater dissolves calcium and magnesium readily and comes out distinctly hard. A city's number here depends heavily on whether its supply draws from upland rivers and reservoirs or from carbonate-valley wells.

Source: USGS - Principal Aquifers of the United States

Kentucky Water Hardness FAQ

Does Kentucky have hard water?

On the whole, no — Kentucky's statewide median sits below the hard threshold, though some cities run harder. The median is 110.0 mg/L (6.4 gpg) — moderately hard on the USGS scale, where anything above 120 mg/L (7 gpg) counts as hard. 20 of Kentucky's 61 measured cities fall in the hard or very hard bands (33%), so check your own city rather than the state average.

How hard is tap water in Kentucky?

Across the 61 Kentucky cities with measured values in our index, the median hardness is 110.0 mg/L (6.4 gpg) — moderately hard on the USGS scale. Individual cities range from 59.6 to 184.0 mg/L, so check your own city rather than assuming the state number.

Which city in Kentucky has the hardest water?

Coal Run Village has the hardest measured tap water in our Kentucky index at 184.0 mg/L (10.8 gpg) — very hard on the USGS scale. Rankings use measured utility values only; labeled county estimates and values under active dispute are excluded.

Do I need a water softener in Kentucky?

20 of Kentucky's 61 measured cities (33%) fall in the hard or very hard bands — above 120 mg/L (7 gpg), the level where most water treatment professionals suggest considering an ion-exchange softener. Hardness varies utility to utility, so look up your own city's value before sizing equipment.

How do I find my city's exact water hardness?

Enter your ZIP code in our free lookup at tapwaterdata.com/zip to see the value we hold for your Kentucky city from utility-reported water quality data, check your water utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), or use a home test-strip kit.

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