Contaminant Information
Deep-dives on specific water contaminants including lead, PFAS, arsenic, and more. Learn about health effects and removal methods.
Is There Estrogen in Tap Water? Levels, Sources, and Health Effects Explained
Tap water contains trace estrogens at 1-50 nanograms per liter (ng/L), primarily from human excretion of natural and synthetic hormones that wastewater treatment doesn't fully remove.
Lead in Tap Water: Health Effects, Testing, and NSF-Certified Solutions
The 2014 Flint water crisis exposed what public health experts had warned about for decades: millions of Americans drink water flowing through lead pipes every day.
The Complete Guide to PFAS in Drinking Water
Your tap water might contain 'forever chemicals' that won't disappear for thousands of years. The EPA has established legally enforceable limits for PFAS at just 4 parts per trillion—imagine one drop in 20 Olympic swimming pools.
Fluoride in Tap Water: No, Boiling Doesn't Remove It (And Yes, NYC Adds It)
Boiling tap water does NOT remove fluoride—it actually concentrates it. To remove fluoride, you need reverse osmosis, distillation, or activated alumina filters—not Brita-style carbon filters.
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