Meyers Tap Water Quality Report

What is Uranium?

Uranium is a weakly radioactive heavy metal found naturally in bedrock and used in nuclear weapons, some ceramics, electron microscopy stains, photography toners, and certain fertilizers. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all of its isotopes (Uranium-234, Uranium-235, and Uranium-238) are unstable. Ninety-nine percent of naturally existing uranium is in the isotope form uranium-238. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level for uranium in drinking water in response to human and animal studies indicating kidney toxicity and and increased risk of cancer.

Health Effects

Health protective benchmarks for uranium are based on adverse kidney system effects observed in both humans and animals and an increased risk of cancer. Animal studies have also shown female reproductive system and developmental toxicity, as well as genotoxicity, related to uranium exposure.

Affected Organs

Common Sources

Certified Filter Standards

What is Chlorine Dioxide?

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2. It is a yellowish-green gas at room temperature and is used primarily as a bleaching agent and disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide is effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in water.

Health Effects

Exposure to chlorine dioxide can cause respiratory issues, skin irritation, and eye damage. Ingesting chlorine dioxide can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long-term exposure may result in more severe health effects, including damage to the respiratory system.

Affected Organs

Common Sources

Certified Filter Standards

What is Gross Alpha Activity?

Gross alpha activity measures the total amount of radioactivity in a water sample emitted by decaying alpha-emitting elements, notably radioactive isotopes of uranium, radium, and radon. Alpha emitters are used to treat cancer, as an eliminator of static in paper mills and in other products like smoke detectors. Radioactive atoms release high energy alpha particles that pull electrons off of the atoms in cells. This process is called ionizing radiation, and may lead to harmful changes in cells and tissues. The toxicity of an alpha emitter depends on the amount of energy it releases and how organ systems respond to that energy. Exposure to elevated gross alpha activity is associated with increased cancer risk and genotoxicity, but toxicity to individual systems is dependent on the type of alpha emitter present.

Health Effects

Drinking water standards for gross alpha activity have been developed based on increased cancer risk associated with alpha radioactivity. Alpha radiation has been shown to produce DNA changes (genotoxicity) in laboratory studies.

Affected Organs

Common Sources

Certified Filter Standards

What is Lead?

Naturally occurring heavy metal commonly found in tap water

Health Effects

Health protective benchmarks for oral exposure to lead are based on delays in physical or mental development for children and infants, and impacts to the kidneys and high blood pressure for adults. Children are especially susceptible to the effects of lead. Even low levels of lead can damage the brain and nervous system, slow development, and lead to problems with learning, behavior, hearing, and speech. In adults, lead can lead to hypertension, reproductive problems, neurological disorders, decreased kidney function and muscle and joint pain. Exposure to lead can also cause anemia and impact the immune system for both children and adults. The EPA classifies lead as a probable human carcinogen.

Affected Organs

Common Sources

Certified Filter Standards

What is Radon?

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas. Radon may be used in detecting seismic activity, radiography, radiation therapy, and calibrating radon monitoring devices. Radon and its breakdown products emit alpha, beta, and gamma particles that may be harmful to health. In fact, radon is the most significant source of human exposure to radiation. It is readily volatile, thus all routes of exposure (ingestion, inhalation and dermal) are relevant if one is exposed via drinking water. Elevated levels of radon in drinking water may lead to an increased risk of lung cancer due to the potential of radon gas formation. States have widely varying acceptable radon levels (300-10,000 pCi/L), but generally treatment is recommended at levels greater than 10,000 pCi/L.

Health Effects

Radon and its breakdown products release high energy particles called alpha, beta, and gamma rays responsible for its health effects. Radon has been associated with genotoxicity and an increased risk of lung cancer based on evidence from epidemiological, occupational, and animal studies.

Affected Organs

Common Sources

Certified Filter Standards