Perfluorononanoic acid
Part of a class of synthetic compounds known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) widely used to make products more resistant to stains, water, and grease. PFNA serves as a processing aid for fluoropolymers, most notably the temperature resistant plastic used in tanks, valves, batteries, and fishing lines. It has also been used in producing fire-fighting foams. PFNA production is currently being phased out in the US, but exposure is still a major concern due to its high degree of persistence in the environment and in the body, as well as its presence in legacy products and imported goods. Adverse health effects related to elevated PFNA levels include developmental, liver, and immunological toxicity as well as increased cholesterol.
Health Guideline Level (HGL)
0.006 ppb
Maximum level that poses minimal health risk based on the latest science
Health Effects
As with many PFAS compounds, research into the health effects of PFNA is rapidly evolving. Epidemiological studies have shown associations between PFNA and increases in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ('bad cholesterol'). Animal studies indicate that PFNA exposure is related to developmental, liver, and immune system toxicity.
Affected Organs & Systems:
Common Sources
- Not naturally occurring, so its widespread detection in drinking water can be attributed to human release
- Includes industrial waste, wastewater discharge, stormwater runoff, aqueous fire-fighting foams, and the breakdown of precursor compounds such as fluorotelomer alcohols
- Elevated levels are often found near industrial sites producing temperature resistant plastic that contains PFNA
How to Remove It
Water filters certified under the following NSF standards are effective at removing Perfluorononanoic acid:
Health Guideline Level
The HGL represents the maximum level that poses minimal health risk based on the latest scientific research. It's often more protective than federal legal limits.
Contaminant Type
Perfluorononanoic acid is classified as a PFAS contaminant.
This contaminant primarily affects the developmental, immune-system, and other systems.
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