Molybdenum
Health Effects
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System sets an oral reference dose for molybdenum of 5E-3 mg/kg-day. The critical effect is increased uric acid levels, identified from a human 6-year study with a LOAEL of 0.14 mg/kg-day. Molybdenum is also an essential trace nutrient; the concern is excess rather than presence. EPA's IRIS file records no carcinogenicity classification for molybdenum.
Source: EPA IRIS — Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (retrieved 2026-07-27)
Common Sources
- Erosion of natural molybdenum-bearing mineral deposits
- Discharge from mining, metallurgy and alloy manufacturing
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