Chromium (Total)
Naturally occurring element that is widely used in manufacturing processes to make metal alloys such as stainless steel. Chromium is also present in some consumer products. Of the two most common forms of chromium—chromium (III) and (VI)—chromium (VI) is the more toxic form. Hexavalent chromium (VI) is associated with adverse gastrointestinal and hematological effects when ingested. Trivalent chromium (III), on the other hand, is an essential nutrient for human health in small amounts. EPA regulates both hexavalent and trivalent chromium, but standards are set assuming that a measurement of total chromium is 100 percent chromium (VI) to ensure that standards are most health protective.
EPA MCLG Level
100 ppb
Maximum level that poses minimal health risk based on the latest science
Health Effects
Health protective levels for chromium in drinking water have been established by the EPA based on skin irritation or ulceration related health effects following acute exposure. The EPA has classified chromium (VI) as likely to be carcinogenic to humans via ingestion as well. ATSDR minimal risk levels for oral exposure to chromium are based on adverse hematological and gastrointestinal effects observed in animal studies. The World Health Organization Guideline Value limiting chromium in drinking water is protective of adverse gastrointestinal effects (hyperplasia) as a precursor to tumor formation based on animal studies.
Affected Organs & Systems:
Common Sources
- While chromium is a naturally occurring element, over 70% of chromium in the environment comes from anthropogenic sources
- Used widely in manufacturing for metal and alloy production, ceramics and glass, pigment, paint and fungicide manufacture, and chrome plating
- Other major sources of chromium include metal smelters, refineries, leather tanning applications and stormwater runoff
- Naturally occurring chromium is present in small amounts in rocks and soil and may be released to groundwater due to weathering and erosion
How to Remove It
Water filters certified under the following NSF standards are effective at removing Chromium (Total):
EPA MCLG Level
The EPA MCLG represents the maximum level that poses minimal health risk based on the latest scientific research. It's often more protective than federal legal limits.
Contaminant Type
Chromium (Total) is classified as a Metals contaminant.
This contaminant primarily affects the gastrointestinal, blood.
Check Your Water
Find out if Chromium (Total) is in your tap water.
Search Your CityTest Your Water for This Contaminant
Public water reports may not test frequently enough or at your specific tap. Professional home testing provides current, location-specific results.
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